Where does the larval stage of the cluster fly develop?

The larval stage of the cluster fly develops specifically on earthworms. This relationship is a key aspect of their life cycle. The female cluster fly lays her eggs in the vicinity of earthworms, and once the larvae hatch, they invade the worms. The larvae feed on the tissues of the earthworm, which provides them with the necessary nutrients for growth. This unique development strategy is critical for their survival and is indicative of their behavioral adaptations.

Other potential habitats like water, foliage, or decaying matter do not serve as developmental sites for cluster fly larvae, limiting their growth and survival strategy entirely to the association with earthworms. Understanding this relationship is essential for pest management and control, as it can inform strategies aimed at reducing cluster fly populations.